1.

Passage TwoThe great advance in rocker theory 40 years ago shows that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel. However, during the decade, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman ’s question to 19 inquire which one is ―better‖. The question is meaningless. One might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is ―better‖. It all depends on the purpose, a liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely: it can be reignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. (82)However, once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and reignited whenever desired and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time,most military employ solid fuels, but manned space-flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.The author tells us that_______.

2.Sharon Keating was worried about her kids when she got a divorce. Her daughter says,“I wasfeeling… like down and sad even though I didn’t really show it.Judith Wallenstein says problems from divorce can last many years. They can show up when thekids are adults. And the kids have their have their own trouble. Wallenstein studied 93 childrenover a generation. The results can be found in her book.She says that children of divorce are more likely to have problems with drugs. They are far morelikely to seek therapy. About 40 percent of them avoid marriage themselves. When they do marry,fail at nearly twice the usual rate. It is hard for them to trust. They are afraid of failing.Critics say Wallenstein had too few children in her study. They think that Wallenstein stresses toomuch from a small study. Other things may be the cause of the kid’s problems. The study does notcompare kids from divorced families with kids from “healthy” families.Today children from divorced families ( )

3.One should never lose heart when ______with temporary difficulties.

4.

Using 1ess energy around the home is easier than you might think，saving you money while

creating a heathier，more comfortable living space for you and your family. Changing a few old habits can make an impact on your energy bill， your comfort and the environment. Here are some handy tips to make your house more energy-efficient.

Lower the heat If your home has adjustable central heating，lowering the room temperature even slightly can make a difference. You may not feel it，but your wallet will. It is even more advisable to control

temperatures at different times of the day.

Hang clothes out to dryIf the weather allows it，head outside and dry your laundry on a clothesline. The sunlight will help eliminate bacteria and dust. While clothes dryers get the job done faster，they also use up energy.By hanging your clothes out you’ll be cutting greenhouse gases by about three kilograms per load.

Take advantage of natural light Installing large windows on the northern side of your house can help you make use of sunlight’s natural warmth. To stay cool indoors on hot summer days，install blinds(百叶窗) to block the heavy

sun.Put your desk near the window，then you don’t need a lamp in the daytime.

Wrap(裹)your pipes Be sure your hot—water pipes are properly wrapped.In an average home，heating water accounts for more than one—quarter of the energy bill.Why let warmth go to waste before it reaches you?

Choose the right size for appliances(家用电器)

When the time comes to replace appliances，select those that are both energy—efficient and of the appropriate size for your needs.Don’t buy bigger ones just because you can.What can be installed on the northern side of your house to make better use of natural light?

5.5.（）

6.whether

7.

Passage Three

Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider

obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.

In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.

When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.

Don’t confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed.They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.

Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures.The main purpose of this passage is to___________.

8.根据以下资料，回答119-122题。 　　Train companies in Tokyo are taking action to reduce the number of people jumping in front of trains．They are fitting blue lights on station platforms to try and create a more calming atmosphere．The East Japan Railway Company has invested almost $170,000 to install the lights in all of the 29 stations on the capital's busy Yamanote Line．There has been an alarming rise in the number of people committing suicide at train stations．A total of 68 people threw themselves under trains in the year up to March．This compares with 42 suicides in the same period a year earlier．In 2008, Japan had nearly 2,000 suicides by jumping in front of a train; around six percent of all suicides nationwide．Suicides have risen sharply in the past decade due to poor economic conditions. 　　No one knows if the blue lights will work．There is no evidence to show that blue light reduces suicidal feelings． Keihan Railway spokesman Osamu Okawa stated: "We thought we had to do something to save lives．We know there is no scientific proof that blue lights deter suicides, but if blue has a soothing effect on the mind, we want to try it to save lives." The Associated Press news agency reports on a Japanese therapist called Mizuki 　　　Takahashi．She explained her reasons why the blue lights might be a good idea: "We associate the color with the sky and the sea．It has a calming effect on agitated people, or people obsessed with one particular thing, which in this case is committing suicide," she said．Other companies are watching this experiment with interest.120 The use of blue lights to reduce suicides __.

9.

For several years,Americans have enjoyed teleshopping-watching TV and buyingthings by phone.Now teleshopping is starting in Europe.In some 1countries,peoplecan turn on their2and shop for clothes,jewelry,food,toys and3 things.

Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden.4,the biggest Swedish companysells different kinds of things on TV in fifteen European countries,and in one year.itmakes$10 million.In France,there are two teleshopping channels.and the French5about$ 20 million a year in buying things through those channels.

In Germany,6last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for onehour every day.Then the government allowed more teleshopping.Other channels can7 for telebusiness,including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hourteleshopping company.German8 are hoping these will help them sell more things.Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without9.With all the trafficproblems in cities,going shopping is not an easy thing.Butat the same time,other Europeans10 like this new way of buying things.They call11"junk on the air".Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things12on TV.They think high quality is the most important thing,and they don't believe they can be sure about the quality of the things 13.

The need of high quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be14 the American companies.They will have to be more careful about the15of thethings they sell.They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannottouch or see by themselves.9.单选题

10.

Passage FourSometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government' s efforts to improve schools:new standards and tests to be applied, strict teacher evaluations, and threats of school closures and job losses. They frighten the school employees, not to mention the students. Instead of making people unable to solve problems or try new ideas--which is what fear does to us--research on school reform strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane approach. In their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools, Bryk and Schneider found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships.Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one's mind,to discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn' t working,to make collective decisions.Yet this kind of safety doesn' t come easily to schools. According to Bryk and Schneider, the adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity （正直). The challeage is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds.At one school where I taught, each teacher had different expectations about how much effort teachers should put into their work--a big difference between the teachers who left af~the last bell and those who worked into the evening. And when expectations are uncoasci or unspoken, it becomes impossible for others to live up to them.We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person' s behavior. As we all Imam,assumptions are often wrong. For example, parents and teachers my think the principal taml particular decision based on his career advancement rather than hat" s best for the studeata. don't feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and e~aecmtiatm, trust itiea am the window and our relationships suffer.51. What does the author say about the assumptions made about the intentions behind a person's behavior?

11.________the government agrees to give extra money, the theatre will have to beclosed next month.

12.There were many different cultures in the ancient world, but the two that had the most influence on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman. Often these two cultures are lumped together in our minds, as if they were really exactly alike. But that is not the case. In many ways the Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different.The Greeks were truly democratic, often without a single leader but instead governed by a group of men chosen by the people. The Romans were semi-democratic. They had a governing Senate, but the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor.Both cultures were great builders. But the construction interests of the two cultures were also different. The Greeks tended to be more artistic. Their buildings were well constructed and they were especially interested in temples, columns, and decorative forms. The Romans, on the other hand, were more engineers than artists. They concentratedtheir efforts on urban planning, well-functioning water pipes, and the best roads.Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures really similar. Both peoples ate very well indeed: lots of fish,fresh vegetables and fruits, healthy meals, holding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines.In fact, it would probably be fair to say that they both loved life in their warm, sea-oriented climates, and they both lived a full life.What is the first paragraph about?

13.

Charlie came from a poor village.His parents had 1money to send him to schoolwhen he was young.The boy was very sad.Mr,King lived next to him.He found the boy2and had pity on him and lent some money to him.So the boy could go to school.Hestudied hard and3 all his lessons.When he finished middle school.the man introduced him to his friend in the town.And he began to work.

Once Mr.King was seriously hurt in an accident.Dying,he asked Charlie to take careof his daughter,Sharon.The young man 4and several years later he married the girl.He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy.He often bought beautifulclothes and delicious food for her.He was good at cooking and he cooked5 for her.Soshe became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk.And one day she found there wassomething wrong with her heart.Her husband wasn't at home and she had to go to6 at once.The doctors looked her over and told her 7 eat meat,sugar,chocolate andthings like these.She was afraid8the doctor's words and wrote all the names of thefood on the paper.When she got

home,she put the list on the table and9 .When shreturned home that afternoon,she found many kinds of food:meat,sugar and chocolate

the kitchen.Charlie was busy10 there.As soon as he saw her.he said happily."“1'vebought all the food you like,dear!”3[ 单选 ]

14.

The computer plays an important part in our everyday life.It is one of the great1in the world in the 2century,It works for us not only at home,in the offices,in bigshops3at schools.Today it is used4.many ways.It really 5the worldlarge wealth(财富）and happiness.The first computer in the world was6 Enid.It was built in America in 1946.Itwas7and heavy.8it was born,it has been developing very fast.Until now it hasgone9four periods(时期，阶段）and changed a lot.There' re many kinds of computers.The computers are getting smaller and smaller and computing faster and faster.It becomesmore and more10

The computer can do most of the things11 the people.It can help us to 12about the real world more quickly,to learn13 we want to learn and to think 14 ourselves.15 a student in the twenty-first century,you must work hard at it.2.（单选题）

15.Passage One　　Alexia Sloane，a l0一year-old girl，lost her sight when she was two following a brain disease But despite her disability she has excelled at languages and is already fluent in English，French，Spanish and Chinese。and is learning German.　　Now she has experienced her dream job of workingas an interpreter after East of England MEP(欧盟议员)Robert Sturdy invited her to the parliament building in Brussels，thus becoming the youngest interpreter to work at the European Parliament.“She was given a special permit to get into thebuildin9， where there is usually a minimum age requirement of l4 and sat in a booth listening and interpretin9，”said her mother，Isabelle.“The otherinterpreters were amazed at how well she did as the debate was quite complicated and many of the words were rather technical.” Alexia has been trilingual since birth as her mother，a teacher，is half French and half Spanish，while her father，Richard，is English.She started talking and communicating in all three languages before she lost her sight but adapted quickly to her blindness.By the age of four，she was reading and writing in Braille(盲文).When she was six。Alexia began to learn Chinese.The girl is now learning German at school in Cambridge.　　Alexia has been longing to be an interpreter since she was six and she chose to go to the European Parliament as her prize when she won a young achiever of the year award She asked if she could shadow interpreters and Mr.Sturdy agreed to take her along as his guest.Alexia worked with the head of interpreting and had a real taste of lire in parliament.“It was fantastic and lm absolutely determined now to become an interpreter，she saidWhat did Alexia want to do after she got the award?

16.--The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister,___?－-Yes,because his mother has gone shopping.

17.

Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities.Of course.there have always been people who have looked foradventure-those whohave climbed the highest mountains,explored unknown parts of the world or sailed insmall boats across the greatestoceans.Now,however,there are people who seek an immediate thrill from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.

I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity.You jumpfrom a high place(perhaps a bridge,or a hot-air balloon)200 meters above the groundwith an elastic rope tied to your ankles,You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour till therope stops you from hitting the ground.It is estimated that 2 million people around theworld have now tried bungee jumping.Other activities as risky as bungee jumping involvejumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.Why do people take part in such activities as these?Some psychologists suggest that it is because life inmodern societies has become sate and boring.Not very long ago,people's lives were constantly under threat.They had to go out and hunt for food,diseases could not easily becured,and life was a continuous battle for survival.

Nowadays,according to many people,lite offers little excitement.They live and work in comparatively safe environment,they buy food in shops,and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.the answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.2.More and more people today（）

18.9.Nowadays little knowledge __ to be a dangerous thing.

19.The first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was the ball. 　　In ancient Egypt, as everywhere, pitching stones was a favorite children's game．But a badly thrown rock could hurt a child．Looking for something less dangerous to throw, the Egyptians made what were probably the first balls. 　　At first, balls were made of grass or leaves held together by vines．Later they were made of piece of animal skin sewed together and stuffed with feathers or hay. 　　Even though the Egyptians were warlike, they found time for peaceful games．Before long they had developed a number of ball games, each with its own set of rules．Perhaps they played ball more for instruction than for fun．Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war.[单选题] The best title for this selection is __.

20.

The Saturday Evening Post"became symbolic of the reading fare of middle-class America".In 1897 Curtis began to revive(重振）The Post on the proposition that a man's chiefinterest in life is the fight for livelihood-business,Fiction and articles about romantic business and successful businessmen filled its pages.and products backed by its advertisements directed at the needs and desires of the business world.The general interest weekly reached new audiences.Its conservative viewpoint and strong admiration for material success appealed to the tastes of the millions who settled in an easy chair with it each Thursday evening.As a more commercial,mass-circulation magazine than The New Yorker,the widely readable post set out to interpret America to itself.

As a national and international institution,The Saturday Evening Post made its markin the lives of massive numbers of men and women,and served society as a stabilizing influence,Its editorial matter addressed the problems and interests of the readers as neverbefore.Neither highbrow nor lowbrow,The Post set out to interpret average middle-classAmerica,for that was its audience,However,this magazine lost touch with the mood of the American people in the 1930s.The Post's editor Lorimer,opposed Roosevelt and the New Deal and changed his magazine from an organ of entertainment and enlightenment into a weapon of political warfare.He believed that in opposing the New Deal he had spoken forthe majority of voters,but the 1936 election proved him wrong.His conservatism extendedbeyond politics,it dominated the magazine's content and style causing a decline in reputation and authority.The Post met 'its greatest success when it went beyond the tastes of the masses,challenging its readers to acknowledge the genius of contributors such as F.ScottFitzgerald and William Faulkner.It was later reformed in an effort to fulfill its responsibility to awaken lethargic(昏昏欲睡的）America,however,The Saturday Evening Postseemed to play to conventions while The New Yorker took off to redefine the character of American Humor.1. According to Paragraph 1, who are primarily the readers of The Post?（）