1.Whatever you do, don’t challenge a chimpanzee named Ayumu to a number memory game. In 2007, Ayumu became famous for his lightning speed at a game that goes like this: A player views a computer screen where the numbers 1 through 9 appear briefly at once and then turn to white squares.The player then taps the squares where the numbers had been, in order from 1 to 9.People can do it.But no human competitor has ever completed the game faster or more accurately than Ayumu the chimp.For almost five years Ayumu remains undefeated.Psychologist Nicholas Humphrey of Darwin College at Cambridge University in England now thinks he knows the secret behind the chimp’s ability.Humphrey suspects Ayumu’s brain may have a condition that allows the chimp to see numbers as colors.This would mean that Ayumu may see a color glow after the numbers disappears.Then, instead of remembering the numbers, he remembers a sequence of colors, each associated with a number.The condition that Humphrey believes Ayumu may have is called synesthesia.Humans withsynesthesia may associate numbers and letters with colors.For example, a person may see thenumber “5” as the color blue.Until now, scientists had assumed only humans could havesynesthesia.Humphrey found the inspiration for his idea at a 2011 scientific conference.There, he heard apresentation about Ayumu’s memory abilities and another talk about synesthesia.He then put the two ideas together.Not everyone is convinced that Humphrey is correct.Primatologist Tetsuro Matsuzawa of thePrimate Research Institute at Kyoto University in Japan has spent decades studying the amazingmemories of chimpanzees, including Ayumu.He maintains that chimps simply have faster memory recall than people.How does Tetsuro Matsuzawa explain Ayumu’s performance in the game?

2.In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic achievements andconfident that their degree would help them to find a good job.However, in the past four year the job market has changed dramatically. This year’s collegegraduates are facing one of the worst job markets. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of San Jose State University, got a degree working are getting laid off and don’t have jobs, so it’s even harder for new college graduates to find jobs.Four years ago, the future looked bright for his class of 2006. T here were many high-tech(“dotcom”)job opportunities, graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with highsalaries and benefits such as health insurance and paid vacations. However,“Times have changed.it’s a new market,” according to an officer of the university.The officer says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked during summer vacations, they have had several short-time jobs, and they majored in fields that are still paying well, such as accounting or nursing.Even teaching is not a secure profession now. Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher, but instead he will probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy.In conclusion, these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a highsalary. Some students can only hope that the value of their degree will increase in the future.What did a college degree mean to people in the past?

3.

Insomnia, or "poor sleep", can have bad effects on a person's health and general well-being. It can21on both our physical and mental health and can lead to other health22

　　Insomnia can be traced to many different reasons,but what is23 to ninny sufferers is their inability to relax fully and "switch the mind 24Constant thoughts,25 around and around in the mind, moving from one 26 to the next, prevent stillness and peace and 27 a sufferer extremely tired.

　　In order to treat insomnia 28, it is first necessary to allow a sufferer to re-experience 29 real relaxation feel like.It’s almost as though they've forgotten how to relax. Once this has been 30 by the brain, then fast and effective 31 can be made to reeducate the unconscious towards allowing the person to relax 32 and to allow a natural state of sleep to 33

　　Hypnotherapy(催眠疗法) is one of the fastest and most effective ways of 34 this goal for long-lasting results.

　　Sleeping pills, if used at all, should only be a short-term35as their effect is soon reduced and their side effects can be deep and far-reaching.28 （）

4.

Passage Three

As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the wings they wish to purchase. (83) Specialization is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.

Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal. (84) The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties ’ desires and preferences.

Thirdly, money acts as store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve 20 obvious disadvantages. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided.Using money as a medium of exchange means that_____.

5.The warmth of___sweater will of course be determined by the sort of___wool used.

6._______a chemical change a new kind of substance is formed.

7.“If there is one thing I’m sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers．It is not that newspapers are a necessity．Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio．Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday．But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation． The nature of what is news may change．What basically makes news is what affects our lives — the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same．I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though．It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic(基因) engineering．In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do — as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are． It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送) electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home．In fact, I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future．You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read — sports and international news, et C． I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体)．They actually feed off each other．Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn’t happene D．What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air．And as for the Internet, it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen．In the writer’s opinion, in the future, _______．

8.

Passage Three

Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider

obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.

In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.

When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.

Don’t confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed.They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.

Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures.The main purpose of this passage is to___________.

9.根据以下材料，回答40-43题 How men first learned to invent words is unknown；in other words，the origin of language is amystery．All we really know is that men，unlike animals，somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings，actions and things，so that they could communicate with each other；and that later they agreed upon certain signs，called letters，which could be combined to representthose sounds and which could be written down．Those sounds，whether spoken，or written in letters，we call words． The power of words，then，lies in their associations—the things they bring up before ourminds．Words become filled with meaning for us by experience；and the longer We live，the morecertain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past；and the more we read and learn，themore the number of words that mean something to us increases． Great writers are those who not oily have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in wordswhich appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions．This charming and telling use of words is whatwe call literary(文字的)style．AboVe all，the real poet is a master of Words．He can convey hismeaning in words which sing like music，and which by their position and association can move mento tears．We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accuratel3r，or they willmake our speech silly and rude．The real power of words exists in their．.

10.

If you want to learn a new language,the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a1reason,such as your job or your studies?Or perhaps you are interested in the 2,films or the music of a different country and you know howmuch it willhelp to have a 3of the language.

Most people learn best using a variety of 4,but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的）start for many people.They provide an environment where you can practice underthe 5of someone who's good at the language.We all lead6lives and learninglanguage takes time.You will have more success if you study regularly,so try to developa7.It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will takeyears,but learning to get by takes8 .

Many people start learning a language and soon give up."I'm too9,"they say.Yes,children do learn languages more10than adults,but research has shown thatyou can learn a language at any age.And learning is good for the health of your brain,too.I've also heard people 11about the mistakes they make when learning.Well,relax andlaugh about your mistakes 12 you're much less likely to make them again.

Learning a new language is never 13.But with some work and devotion,you'llmake progress.And you'll be 14 by the positive reaction of some people when you sayjust a few words in 15 own language.Good luck!1.[ 单选 ]

11.In our online life, we need to use passwords frequently. We use passwords 21 e-mail,gaming sites, social networking sites，and other shopping sites. 22 ， the passwords most people use are not very 23 and can easily be“"broken" by others. In fact, the most comonly used passwords are so simple that it requires very 24 effort to figure them out. Can you guess 25 the most commonly used passwords are? They are: Names of baseball teams, bith dates of a farmily 26 ，the year of a special sports event，the random numbers like 156468, 27 the name of a friend, pet, favorite TV star, or band.There are prograrms 28 to break into people' s online accounts. These programs are_ 29 of trying every word in the English dictionary and the dictionaries 30 many foreign languages, in their effort to break into an account._ 31 can even search words backward. Some will try_ 32 words or words that are followed by numbers, 33 school222. These programs can test millions of passwords in a few minutes. So, you are advised to be careful about_ 34 passwords so that they will be hard to break. You are also advised not to make them35 hard to remember. Meanwhile, you need to change them once in a while.27.（）

12.

I entered St.Thomas's Hospital as a medical student at the age of 18 and spent fiveyears there.I was an unsatisfactory student,for my heart was not in it.I had always wanted to be a writer,and in the evenings,after my tea.iwrote andread.Before long,1wrote a novel,called Liza of Lambeth,which I sent to apublisher and was accepted,Itappeared during my last year at the hospital and had something of a success.I felt I couldafford to give up medicine and make writing my profession:so,three days after I graduatedfrom the school of medicine,1 set out for Spain to write another book.Looking back now.and knowing the terrible difficulties of making a living by writing,I realize I was taking afearful risk.

The next ten years were very hard,and I earned an average of t100 a year.Then Ihad a bit of luck.The manager of the Court Theatre put on a play that failed.The nextplay he arranged to put on was not ready,and he was at his wit's end.He read a play ofmine and,though he did not much like it.he thought it might just run for the six weekstill the play he had in mind could be produced.It ran for fifteen months.Within a shortwhile,I had four plays running in London at the same time.Nothing of the kind had everhappened before.I was the talk of the town.2.When the author wrote his first novel,（）

13.56. Tom: Would you mind passing me the salt?Tony:__________.57. Amy: Do you think you could show me the way to the library?Ronald:__________.58. Peter: Did you miss the beginning of the concert yesterday?Andrew:__________.59. Simon: Could I see Dr. Brown, please?Gary:__________.60. John: I'd like to book five tickets, please, for the early morning flight to Paris on June lOth.Jane: Five tickets.__________.60 __________。

14.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson___ride to___Capital Airport.

15.-Whose room is this? lt's____

16.

Insomnia, or "poor sleep", can have bad effects on a person's health and general well-being. It can21on both our physical and mental health and can lead to other health22

　　Insomnia can be traced to many different reasons,but what is23 to ninny sufferers is their inability to relax fully and "switch the mind 24Constant thoughts,25 around and around in the mind, moving from one 26 to the next, prevent stillness and peace and 27 a sufferer extremely tired.

　　In order to treat insomnia 28, it is first necessary to allow a sufferer to re-experience 29 real relaxation feel like.It’s almost as though they've forgotten how to relax. Once this has been 30 by the brain, then fast and effective 31 can be made to reeducate the unconscious towards allowing the person to relax 32 and to allow a natural state of sleep to 33

　　Hypnotherapy(催眠疗法) is one of the fastest and most effective ways of 34 this goal for long-lasting results.

　　Sleeping pills, if used at all, should only be a short-term35as their effect is soon reduced and their side effects can be deep and far-reaching.35 （）

17.It is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime is the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts.　　My three had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. They did not tell; they catalyzed a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizons sprung wide and fear went away and the unknown became knowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious.　　I shall speak only of my first teacher because in addition to the other things, she brought discovery.　　She aroused us to shouting, book waving discussions. She had the noisiest class in school and she didn’t even seem to know it. We could never stick to the subject. Our speculation ranged the world. She breathed curiosity into us so that we brought in facts or truths shielded in our hands like captured fireflies.　　I can tell my son who looks forward with horror to fifteen years of drudgery that somewhere in the dusty dark a magic may happen that will light up the years if he is very lucky.Among his teachers, left him a very deep impression

18.

Why do I want to go to college?No one has ever asked me1a question.But manytimes I have asked myself.I have2 a whole variety of reasons.3important reasonthat I want to be a better man.

Many things make human beings different4or better than or even superior to animals

One of the most important things is5 .1f 1 fail to receive higher education.myeducation 6.As I want to be a fully7 man.I must getawell-rounded educationwhich good colleges and universities are supposed to8 I know one can get educatemany ways.but colleges and universities are9 the best places to teach me how to educate mysell.Only when I am well-educated.will I be a better human being and10 fitinto society.6

19.Do you know where___now?

20. Fiftyyearsagonotmanypeoplewouldhavesomethingrepairedintheirhomes.Inthosedayslaborwasfairlycheapandmost peoplewouldhavethoughtitworthwhiletohavesomebodyrepairtheirthingsunlesstheywereverypoor.Today,however,itisquiteadifferentstory.Menandwomeninallwalksoflifeturntheirhandstoallkindsofjobsroundthehouse.Somepeoplehaveevensuccessfullybuilttheirownhouses.Thesejobshavebeenmadeeasiertodaybyusingpreparedmaterials.,IneveryhighstreetthroughoutBritainnowadaysthereisatleastone“DIY”shop.And ”do it yourself"isaboomingbusinessAlot of people visitedtheseshopsevery day becauseofthehighcostofpresent-daylabor.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?（）